Steam-generator



No. 6|2,77|. Patented Oct. I8, |898.

` GREENHALGH.l

STEAM GENERATOR.

\App1ica.tion filed Feb. 28, 1898.\

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No. 6|2,77|. Patented Oct. I8, |898. 0. GREENHALGH. STEAM aENEnATnn.

(Application led Feb. 28, 1598.) (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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0. GBEENHALGH.

STEAM GENERATOR.

(Application led Feb. 28, 1898.) V (No model.) 3 sheets-shex s.

NiTnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR GREENHALGII, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.`

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent LIQ-612,771, dated October 18, 1898.

To @ZZ whom, it may' concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR GREENHALGH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago,in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to steam-generators and one object is to provide a construction peculiarly adapted to marine use, fulfilling all the governmental requirements relating to` marine boilers and also providing for copious generation of steam at high pressure with pertect safety.

Another obj eet is to provide for convenient inspection of every part of the boiler, while at the same time appropriating every available heating-surface for steam-generating purposes.

rlhe invention aims to provide the greatest possible number of avenues for` circulation, so that the maximum capacity for generation of steam may be attained in a given compass, while at the same time the utmost safety is insured and provision made for preventing the increased activity in the circulation of the water subjected to the greatest heat from resulting in the emptying of any of the drums, pipes, or tubes and consequent disaster. Strength and durability are desiderata which have been kept constantly in view in evolving the present invention.

Vith the above-stated objects in view the invention consists in certain peculiarities of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter enumerated and speciiically described and the essential elements of which are pointed out in the appended claims.

The drawings which accompany andform part of this specification illustrate preferred forms of embodiment of the invention.

Figure l is a central longitudinal vertical sectional view of a complete steam-generator. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line II II of Fig. l. Figs. 3 and 4t are front and rear elevations, respectively, of the generator. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6

is a longitudinal vertical section similar to Fig. l, but showing only the front portion of the generator, this view illustrating a slightly- 1modified construction as compared with Fig. l. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional elevation illustrating a detail of construction, the section being taken on line VII VII of Fig. l. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of a waterdrum and connections, illustrating a 1nodiiication in the construction of closures.

The generator is of the water fire-box type, the walls on all sides of the iire-space or combustion-chamber being hollow and in free com munication and adapted to constitute waterlegs which by their peculiar relation to other parts ofthe boiler,hereinafter described, are highly efficacious in preventing the emptying of the avenues of circulation exposed to the greatest heat. Each side wall is composed of outer and inner sheets (designated, respectively, by reference-letters a and a') and securely bound together by meansl of numerous rivets a2, the inner sheet being formed with three horizontal rows of openings a3, a4, and a5, the openings of the lower row being somewhat larger than those of the two upper rows and all the openings being of considerable size and each bounded by an inturned flange a6, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 7. Three tiers or batteries of drums extend across between the said side walls, the ends of the drums embracing the inturned anges a6 and being riveted thereto, as shown at b in Fig.

'7, and the ends of the drums being flanged and riveted to the inner plate a', as shown at b" in said figure. Two tiers of these drums extend across the upper part of the lire-box, and the drums ot' the lowerone of these tiers are designated by the letter c, while those of the upper tier are designated by the letter d, and it will be seen that all of these drums freely communicate at their ends with the water-spaces in the hollow side walls. In the construction here shown there are live drums in each of the said two series, and each drum of the upper series is located immediately over a drum of the lower series and is connected therewith by short pipe-sections or nipples e, so that water may freely circulate between the two series of drums. The drums of each series are similarly connected by means of short horizontal pipe-sections or nipples f and g, and all of these connections occur frequently throughout the length ofthe ICO drums, as clearly indicated in Figs. 2 and 4. By this arrangement free circulation between all of the drums of' both series is provided for, the disengagement of steam taking place in the upper series of drums at the water-line indicated in the drawings. Alongitudinallydisposed steam-drum his preferably mounted above the upper set of drums, being in communication with each of the latter through pipes h.

The front side of the boiler is formed by sheets t' and t', connected bynumerous rivets t2 and curved over at their upper ends, so as to lie against the forward drum of the series c, to which drum said plates are riveted on each side of a longitudinal series of openings t3 in the front side of the drum and affording communication between the interior of the latter and the water-space in the front wall of the boiler. The rear wall of the boiler is composed of sheetsj and j', secured together by numerous rivets ,7'2 and curved over at their upper ends, Wherethey lie upon each other and are securely riveted to the rearward drum of the upperseries d. The waterspace in the rear Wall of the boiler is in communication with the rearward drum of the series c by means of short horizontal pipesections or nipples js, of which there are a considerable number, as shown in Fig. 2, where it will also appear that these nipples and those connecting thedrum c are in horizontal alinement. Manholes are provided in the outer side plates a, there being one for each of the drums c and CZ and each manhole being provided with a suitable closure, as shown at 7c. The manholes for each series ot' drums are preferably alternated in the sides of the boiler, access being had to the irst drum of the series through a manhole at one end of vthe same and to the second drum of the series through a manhole at the opposite end thereof, this arrangement preventing undue weakening of the side plates of the boiler.

The outer sheets a of the side walls are securely riveted to the outer sheets z and j of the front and rear walls, and the inner sheets a of the side walls are similarly connected with the inner sheets i and j of the end walls, all as shown in Fig. 2, and thus it will be seen that the Walls of the boiler constitute a surrounding water fire-box.

The grate occupies a position at the lower front part of the space included by the hollow wall, said grate being designated by the letter m and extending below two of the drums c. Access is had to the upper side of the grate through suitable doors m on the front wall, in which openings of appropriate size are made, the sides of such openings of course closing the water-space between the sheets of the front wall. Another door n gives access to the ash-pit or, which extends to a bed of cement o back of the grate and in which is set a horizontal series of transverse mud-drums o', the said drums being for the most part below the plane of the grate and connected by short horizontal pipe-sections or nipples o2. These mud-drums, like the water-drums o and d, communicate at their ends with the water-space in the side walls of the boiler, and manholes are provided in the outer sheets of said side walls, whereby access may be had to the interior of the mud-drums. The rearmost mud-drum also communicates with the water-box through short pipe-sections or nipples o3, entered in the inner sheet j of the rear wall. The muddrum immediately adjacent to the grate is connected with the front Water-drum c by means of tubes p, which extend obliquely above the grate, there being a great many of these tubes and their arrangement being similar to that commonly employed in boilers of this type. Similar tubes p connect the said muddrum with the second water-drum, and the latter is also connected by tubes p2 with the second mud-drum, the latter being connected by a tube p3 'with the third waterdrum of the series c. In the present instance three muddrums are shown, and the rearward one is connected by tubes p4, p5, and p6, respectively, with the third, fourth, and fifth water-drums. All the connecting-tubes above specified are staggered, as shown in Fig. 7, and it will be observed that their j oinder with the drums is effected without much bending of the tubes and that as many straight tubes are used as possible, all of which facilitates the removal and replacing of the tubes and enhances the practicability of the structure.

The course of the products of combustion is rearwardly among all the tubes', as indicated by the arrows in Fig. l, the spaces between the water-drums c being closed over by bridgework, which may/be composed of fire-brick and is designated in `the drawings by reference-letter t and is represented as resting upon suitable brackets secured to the drums. Such products pass upwardly between the rear wall of the boiler and the rearmost drum c, and thence forward between the drums c and d, bridgework u, similar to that employed between the drums c, closing the spaces between the drums d.

The smoke-hue is located at the front side of the boiler above the front wall or waterleg, and its bottom plate s is bolted to the latter, as shown at s', while its rear` side S2 is bolted to the forward drum d of the upper series, the lower portion of the smoke-flue extending practically the full Width of the boiler and its sides s3 being shaped to upper corners of the side walls of the latter, to which they are bolted. A large door s4 is preferably provided at the front side of the enlarged lower portion of the smoke-due to give access for cleaning purposes. Armholes are also provided in the side walls of the boiler, as indicated at w, these armholes being suitably located to give access to the fire-brick t, so that repairs can conveniently be made. In the rear wall of the boiler clean-out openings are IOO IIO

provided, as shown at t and m, and are closed by suitable doors U2 and ac3, whereby access may be had to the upper and lower paris of the combustion-chamber att-he rear.

In Fig. 6 a construction is shown which is somewhat modiiied as compared with that already described, in that the front wall 4 of the boiler is not curved over to meet. the front water-drum c, but extends to the top of the boiler, communicating with said front drum c through a horizontal series of nipples o and also with the front drum d through a horizontal set or series of nipples o. Additional bridgework w and w' closes the spaces between these drums and the front wall, and the smokediue S5 is bolted to the outer plate of the front wall of the boiler around a suitable opening s, below the nipples fu', and through which the products of combustion escape to the smoke-flue.

In Fig. S a special construction is illustrated for closing the ends of the drums, whereby manholes are dispensed with, while at the same time provision is made for gaining acl cess as required to the interior of the drum.

Openings approximating in size the circumference of the drum are made in the outer sheets of the hollow side walls opposite the ends of the drum, and larger circular plates .e close these openings, said plates iitting against the inner and outer sides of said sheets and being bolted thereto, as shown at z, and also being bound together by tie-rods or long bolts z2, which extend through the drum. Between each pair ot' plates z, where they project from the edges of the opening in the outer boiler-sheet, is inserted an annular lillingplate s3, through which the, bolts pass. Armholes are provided in the plates, as indicated at 24, through which access for any ordinary purposes may be had. Should it become necessary for a man to enter the drum, the plates z can be unbolted and removed; but it is calculated that this will rarely be necessary. This modiiied construction of drum closure is more especially intended for small boiler s,which would be impaired by the removal of material to form manholes.

It will be seen that a construction of boiler such as above described is well calculated to fulfil all the requirements of a marine as well as a stationary boiler and is entirely capable of thoroughly accomplishing the objects primarily stated.

The free communication between the water, iire-box, and the drums insures the latter being fully charged at all times when the boiler is in operation, and hence there is no danger of the emptying of any of the avenues of circulation by excessive activity of the water where the greatest heat is felt. The arrangement for communication between the drums by the short pipe connections is also beneficial in this connection.

The arrangement of the double tier of d-rums at the upper part of the combustion-chamber with pipe connections between every pair of adjacent drums provides for a circulation between these drums which is highly eflicacious in the copious generation of steam.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

l. In asteam-generator, the combination of a pluralit'xT of horizontal tiers or batteries of drums transversely arranged at the upper part of the combustion-chamber, connections between adjacent sides of said drums establishing communication between all of them, and bridgework closing the spaces between the drums of the lower tier to deiiect the products of combustion, substantially as de scribed.

2. In a steamgenerator, the combination of a series of transverse mud-drums set in a suitable foundation back of the grate of the firebox; a horizontal series or battery of transverse water-drums at the upper part of the fire-box, the forward one of said series being directly over the grate, tubes connecting said forward drum with the forward mud-drum, tubes connecting the latter with the second waterdrum, tubes connecting the second mud-drum with the second and third waterdrums, and tubes connecting the last muddrum with the third, fourth and fifth waterdrums.

, 3. In a steam-generator, the combination of hollow walls surrounding the combustionchamber and providing water spaces all around the latter., mud-drums set in a suit able foundation back of the grate and communicating at their ends with the side waterspaces, a plurality of horizontalseries or batteries of water-drums transversely arranged `at the upper part of the fire-space and com- IOO IIO

connections between their adjacent sides and the end drums of the series communicating with the water-spaces in the end walls of the fire-box; one or more mud-drums back of the grate, and tubes connecting the mud-drums with the water-drums.

5. In a steam-generator, the combination of a water fire-box, a set of water-drums transversely arranged at the upper partof the combustion-chamber and communicating at their ends with the waterspaces in the side walls of said fire-box, said drums also communicating directly with each other through connections between their adjacent sides and the end drums oi' the series communicating with the water-spaces in the end walls of the lire-box; a series of mud-drums transversely arranged back of the grate and communicating at their ends with the water-spaces in the side walls of the fire-box, the rearmost muddrum also eommunicatin g with the waterspace in the rear wall of the fire-box; and tubes connecting the mud-drums and the water-drums.

6. In a steam-generator, the combination of a water iire-boX, a set of water-drums transversely arranged at the upper part of the combustion-chamber and communicating at their ends with the water-spaces in the side walls of said lire-box, said drums also communicating directly with each other through connections between their adjacent sides and the end drums of the series communicating with the water-spaces in the end walls of the ire-boX; a second set of drums above the first set and communicating therewith and with each other and also communicating at their ends with the water-spaces in the side walls of water lire-box, the front drum of the second series also communicating with the water-space in the front wall of the said fire-box; one or more mud-dru ms back of the grate, and tubes eonnecting said muddru ms with the water-drums of the first-named set or series.

7. In a steam-generator, the combination of a grate at one end of the combustion-chamber, a smoke-stack at the same end of the latter, two series of connected water-drums arranged transversely at the upper part of the combustion-chamber above and below the entrance to the smoke-staek7 bridgework between the drums whereby the products of combustion are caused to pass through the combustionchamber below one series of drums, thence around one end thereof, and back between the two sets or series of drums to the stack, mud-drums back of the grate, and tubes connecting said mud-drums with the lower set of water-drums.

8. In a steam-generator, the combination of a water iire-box, the outersheets of whose side walls are formed with alinin g openings,a drum extending between the inner sheets of said side walls in line with said openings, plates bolted to the outer sheets and closing the openings therein, said plates having armholes with suitable closures and tie rods or bolts connecting the plates, substantially as described.

i). In a steam-generator, the combination of hollow side and end walls providing waterspaees, drums extending between the side walls and com municating at their ends with the water-spaces therein,connections between adjacent sides of the said drums establishing communication between them, and connections between one of the drums and the hollow end wall establishing communication between the said drum and the water-space in the end wall.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

i OSCAR GREENHALGH.

IVitnesses:

CHAs. E. RIoRDoN, S. C. EDMoNs'roN. 

